Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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What is a Cataract?
A cataract is a cloudy or opaque lens that blocks light from reaching the retina, causing blurred vision. Cataracts are most commonly age-related but can also result from trauma, medications, or congenital factors.
Symptoms of Cataracts
Cloudy or foggy vision
Difficulty reading, especially in dim light
Glare and halos around lights
Fading or yellowing of colors
Frequent changes in glasses prescription
Types of Cataracts
- Nuclear Sclerotic Cataract – Common age-related cataract
- Cortical Cataract – Spoke-like opacities from the edge of the lens
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataract – Rapidly progressive, affects reading vision
- Congenital Cataract – Present from birth
Treatment for Cataracts
Cataract surgery is the only definitive treatment. It involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
Advanced Cataract Surgery Options
Phacoemulsification (Phaco) – Minimally invasive ultrasound technique
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) – Blade-free laser precision
Premium IOLs – Multifocal, toric, and EDOF lenses for reducing glasses dependence
What is Refractive Surgery?
Refractive surgery corrects vision errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) by reshaping the cornea or replacing the lens.
Popular Refractive Procedures
LASIK
Laser reshaping of the cornea
PRK
Surface laser treatment for thin corneas
SMILE
Minimally invasive small incision laser vision correction
Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE)
Lens replacement, similar to cataract surgery
Benefits of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
- Clearer, sharper vision
- Improved color perception
- Reduced glare sensitivity
- Independence from glasses or contact lenses
Additional FAQs for Cataract & Refractive Surgery
When cataracts start affecting daily life (driving, reading, etc.), it’s time for surgery.
No, it’s a quick, painless procedure done under local anesthesia.
Most people resume normal activities in 24–48 hours, with full healing in a few weeks.
Premium intraocular lenses can reduce or eliminate glasses, but some patients may still need reading glasses.
Patients over 18 years with stable vision and healthy eyes are good candidates.
The cataract itself doesn’t return, but a secondary cataract (posterior capsule opacification) can develop, which is easily treated with a quick laser YAG procedure.
Minor risks include dry eyes or temporary visual fluctuations, but serious complications are rare.